Validation of Certain Acts (Ninth Schedule)
Linked to Article 31B
Official Scope
"A controversial schedule designed to protect specific laws from being challenged in court."
Detailed Analysis
Originally created to protect land reform laws from being stuck in courts over 'Right to Property' issues. Any law placed here was immune from judicial review for violating Fundamental Rights. It currently contains over 284 laws.
Historical Evolution
Added by the First Amendment (1951) by PM Nehru. Over time, governments used it to 'hide' many other laws from the courts.
Constitutional Impact
In the famous 'I.R. Coelho Case' (2007), the Supreme Court ruled that laws in the 9th Schedule can now be checked if they violate the 'Basic Structure' of the Constitution.
Simply Explained
This was a **'Safe Box'** for laws. If a law was put here, courts couldn't touch it. It was mostly used for early land reforms.