Anti-Defection Law (Tenth Schedule)
Linked to Articles 102(2) and 191(2)
Official Scope
"Provisions for the disqualification of members on the ground of defection."
Detailed Analysis
Added to stop the 'Aya Ram Gaya Ram' culture where MPs/MLAs would switch parties frequently. A member is disqualified if: 1) They voluntarily give up party membership. 2) They vote against party orders. 3) An independent member joins a party.
Historical Evolution
Added by the 52nd Amendment (1985). Originally allowed a 'Split' if 1/3rd of members left, but now only allows a 'Merger' if 2/3rd of members move together (91st Amendment).
Constitutional Impact
It brings stability to governments but is often criticized for curbing the 'freedom of speech' of individual MPs and MLAs within their parties.
Simply Explained
This is the **'Loyalty Rule.'** It stops politicians from jumping from one party to another for money or power after being elected.