Section 93 BSA: F THE EXCLUSION OF ORAL EVIDENCE BY DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
Official statutory evidence provision under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023.
Official Statutory Wording (100% Legally Correct)
Where any electronic record, purporting or proved to be five years old, is produced from any custody which the Court in the particular case considers proper, the Court may presume that the electronic signature which purports to be the electronic signature of any particular person was so affixed by him or any person authorised by him in this behalf. Explanation.—The Explanation to section 81 shall also apply to this section. Presumption as to Electronic Signature Certificates. Presumption as to certified copies of foreign judicial records. Presumption as to books, maps and charts. Presumption as to electronic messages. Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced. Presumption as to documents thirty years old. Presumption as to electronic records five years old. 10 of 1897. CHAPTER VI O
Simplified Legal Summary
This section details the statutory rules, frameworks, and procedures under Section 93 of the BSA.
Legal Compliance Notice
This content is compiled from the official Gazette of India publication. Electronic records must be certified under Section 63 BSA to be legally admissible in criminal or civil court trials.