Part XI - Union-State Relations • Article

Article 256 Simplified: Obligation of States and the Union

Article 256 places a duty on states to exercise their executive power in a way that complies with laws made by Parliament. It also empowers the Central Government to issue binding directions to any state government to ensure this compliance.

Official Text

The executive power of every State shall be so exercised as to ensure compliance with the laws made by Parliament and any existing laws which apply in that State, and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of such directions to a State as may appear to the Government of India to be necessary for that purpose:

Simple Meaning

Explain Like Ten

Every state government must make sure it follows and enforces the laws passed by the national parliament. If a state doesn't do this, the central government has the right to send them direct orders to obey.

Student Mode

Article 256 establishes administrative integration and federal discipline. It imposes a constitutional obligation on State executives to comply with laws made by Parliament. Furthermore, it empowers the Union to issue binding administrative directions to a State to ensure compliance. Failure to comply can trigger Article 365, leading to the imposition of President's Rule under Article 356.

Example

If Parliament passes a national environmental law, a state government cannot refuse to implement it. Under Article 256, the Central Government can issue a formal directive to the state, ordering its department to enforce the law.

Key Takeaway

Article 256 establishes administrative integration by requiring states to enforce federal laws and giving the Center directive powers.

FAQs

What happens if a State refuses to follow a direction issued by the Union under Article 256?

Under Article 365, the President can deem that a situation has arisen where the state government cannot be carried on in accordance with the Constitution, paving the way for President's Rule (Article 356).

Does Article 256 represent a federal or unitary feature?

It is a unitary feature, ensuring that the central government has administrative control to prevent states from blocking the enforcement of central laws.

Quiz

Under Article 256, who can issue binding compliance directions to a State?

Answer: The Union Government

Which article details the consequences if a State fails to comply with Union directions?

Answer: Article 365